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Knowledge base
The nFlo Knowledge Base is our company blog, where we share expert information about our products, services and industry events. It is a central place where our customers, partners and technology enthusiasts can find up-to-date, reliable and practical content on cyber security, IT infrastructure, storage and backup. Our Knowledge Base offers:
* Product information: Detailed descriptions, implementation tips and best practices related to the solutions we offer.
* Services overview: Comprehensive coverage of our services, case studies and examples of successful implementations.
* Industry News: Analysis of the latest IT trends, conference and trade show coverage, and commentary from nFlo experts.
* Guides and tutorials: Practical tips to help you in your daily work with IT systems. * Calendar of events: Information about upcoming webinars, trainings and other events organized by nFlo.
Benefits of regularly reading our Knowledge Base:
* Constant access to up-to-date knowledge: our experts make sure that the published content always reflects the latest state of the art in the industry.
* Optimization of IT processes: With practical advice, readers can streamline their IT environments and increase efficiency.
* Inspiration for innovation: The case studies and trend analysis presented can inspire you to implement new solutions in your company.
At nFlo, we believe that sharing knowledge is the key to building long-term relationships with customers and partners. Our Knowledge Base is not only a source of information, but also a platform for dialogue – we encourage readers to comment, ask questions and share their own experiences. We invite you to visit our Knowledge Base regularly. Together we can shape the future of IT infrastructure!
IDS/IPS systems: Why is a firewall alone not enough to protect your network?
Imagine that your firewall is a gatekeeper at the gate that only checks if the visitor has an invitation (IP...
Network microsegmentation: how to stop an attacker who has already gotten in?
Traditional network security resembles a castle with a massive defensive wall, but an open space inside. Once an enemy overcomes...
How to build an effective SOC team: key roles, competencies and processes
An effective Security Operations Center (SOC) is much more than just expensive software. It is first and foremost people, processes...
Amendment to the NSC Act (NIS2): What new obligations await Polish companies and how to prepare for them?
The amendment to the National Cyber Security System Act, implementing the EU's NIS2 directive, is much more than just another...
MDR services: is outsourcing security monitoring a good decision for your company?
Building and maintaining an in-house SOC team 24/7 is a huge challenge - costly, complex and a struggle for specialists...
KSC NIS2 from the technical side: An Implementation Guide for IT Professionals and Team Leaders
The KSC/NIS2 audit is ready and the board has approved the budget. Now it's time to get to the real...
National Security and Cyber Resilience – How will PLN 20 billion from the NIP change Polish defense and implement NIS2?
Poland launches Security and Defense Fund - PLN 20 billion from KPO for defense and cyber resilience. While the media...
KSC/NIS2: Why is one end-to-end partner critical to the success of the implementation?
Are you facing a KSC/NIS2 challenge and wondering how to organize it? Engaging separate companies for auditing, implementation and monitoring...
Sociotechnics 2.0 – New trends in attacks on the human factor
The era of inept phishing emails from "Nigerian princes" is over. Welcome to the world of Sociotechnique 2.0, where AI-generated...
SIEM from the ground up: what is it and why is it a key component of threat detection?
Every device in your company - from the firewall to the employee's laptop - generates thousands of logs a day....
EDR vs XDR – Comparison of endpoint protection solutions
Endpoint protection (EDR) is the standard today, but no longer enough. Attacks are increasingly complex and span the entire infrastructure...
SOAR platforms: how automation and orchestration are revolutionizing SOC work?
SOC analysts are drowning in repetitive tasks and alerts while real threats demand their attention. SOAR platforms act as a...
EDR vs XDR: what is Extended Detection and Response and what is its advantage?
Endpoint protection (EDR) is the standard today, but no longer enough. Attacks are increasingly complex and span the entire infrastructure...
Network Detection and Response (NDR): why is network visibility critical to security?
Your EDR systems protect endpoints, but what happens in between? Sophisticated attackers move around your network using devices on which...
Why is KSC NIS2 fundamentally changing the rules of the game in OT/ICS security?
The new KSC/NIS2 law is not only a challenge for IT. It regulates the security of Operational Technology (OT) so...
How is KSC NIS2 revolutionizing procurement processes? A Guide for the Head of Procurement
Until now, IT purchases have been all about price and functionality. KSC/NIS2 and the SCRM requirement are changing all that....
Phishing 2.0: how to defend against the new generation of cyber fraud?
Classic phishing with grammatical errors is becoming a thing of the past. Today we are dealing with Phishing 2.0 -...
Threat hunting: how to proactively hunt for hidden threats in your network?
The most dangerous cybercriminals can hide online for months, bypassing automated defenses. Threat hunting is a change in philosophy -...
Advanced persistent threats (APTs): is your company being targeted by cyber spies?
In the world of cyber threats, there are robbers and spies. The vast majority of companies focus their defense on the former – loud and aggressive ransomware groups that break in, encrypt data and demand a quick ransom. Their activities,…
Cyber security in logistics and transportation (TSL): How to protect the digital supply chain?
Modern logistics is a complex nervous system based on real-time data. One cyberattack can disrupt the entire supply chain, causing...
Smishing and vishing: how to defend a company from social engineering via SMS and phone?
A fake SMS message about an underpaid courier service or a phone call from a supposed bank employee asking for...
KSC NIS2: How should CTOs and CIOs plan for implementation? From audit to implementation
The KSC/NIS2 audit is ready, the board has approved the budget. The ball is in the CTO and CIO's court....
Software supply chain attacks: how to secure a company against a hidden threat?
Your company invests in the best security, but the weakest link may be your trusted software provider. Attacks on the...
Cyber security in the health sector: How to protect patient data and critical infrastructure of hospitals?
A cyber attack on a hospital is no longer just a data leak - it's a direct threat to the...
Lessons from the biggest data leaks 2024/2025: how to avoid the mistakes of the biggest companies?
Every high-profile data leak is a free, albeit painful, lesson in cyber security for the rest of the world. The...
The use of AI by hackers: how is artificial intelligence changing the face of cyberattacks?
Tools such as ChatGPT have democratized access to advanced artificial intelligence. Unfortunately, hackers are also taking advantage of this. AI...
Zero-day threats: how to defend against unknown vulnerabilities?
Imagine a castle whose walls seem impregnable, but there is a secret passage inside, unknown to anyone. A zero-day attack...
Cyber warfare and business: how does online geopolitics threaten your business?
When countries wage war in cyberspace, private companies often become accidental victims on the front lines. Digital weapons designed to...
DORA vs. the FSA’s Recommendation D: How do past implementations help with compliance with the new regulation?
The financial sector has been living under regulatory pressure from the FSA for years. The implementation of Recommendation D and...
The government has approved an amendment to the KSC law. Gawkowski determined to complete work this year.
The six-year saga surrounding key legislation for the country's cyber security is nearing its finale. The Council of Ministers has...
Security for remote and hybrid work: How to protect your business when the office is everywhere?
The office is no longer a building. It's the employee's laptop in the home living room, the smartphone in the...
How to strategically implement KSC NIS2 in 3 steps?
KSC/NIS2 implementation is not chaos, but a strategic process. The START-CORE-RESILIENCE model is a proven path for management to transform...
Cyber security in education: How to protect student data and school infrastructure in the digital age?
The digital transformation in education has brought e-journals, e-learning platforms and remote learning. But with it have come serious new...
KSC NIS2 as a program: How should the Project Manager manage compliance implementation?
Management sees the KSC/NIS2 as a risk, the CISO sees the audit, and the CTO sees the technology. But it's...
E-commerce security: How to protect your online store from attacks and build customer trust?
Every transaction in your online store is a transfer of not only money, but also trust. One security incident, such...
Security in finance: How do banks and FinTechs defend against cyber attacks in the digital age?
The financial sector is a testing ground for the most advanced cyber attacks. At stake is not only money, but...
Automotive cybersecurity: How to protect modern, connected vehicles?
Your new car has hundreds of millions of lines of code, dozens of controllers (ECUs) and a constant connection to...
KSC NIS2 and cyber insurance: How compliance with the act becomes key to lowering the cost of risk.
Premiums for cyber policies are rising at an alarming rate, and insurers are denying coverage. The KSC/NIS2 directive only exacerbates...
Cyber security in public administration: How to protect citizens’ data and digital services?
From e-journals in schools to citizen service systems in municipalities to the state's central databases, public administrations process our most...
Red teaming vs. penetration testing: What are the differences and which approach is better for your business?
Pentest is like checking all the windows and doors in a castle for weak locks. Operation Red Team is an...
How to secure IoT in the enterprise? – Best practices
From smart cameras and access control systems to sensors in factories, your company is already part of the Internet of...
Smart Grid security: How to protect power grids in the digital age?
The modern power grid (Smart Grid) is a complex nervous system, connecting power plants, transformer stations and millions of smart...
Security configuration overview: The underestimated foundation of cyber resilience
You can have the latest software and zero known vulnerabilities, and still be fully open to attack because of a...
Vulnerability scanners: How to choose the right tool and effectively manage the results?
Regular scanning for security vulnerabilities is like a periodic health check for your IT infrastructure. But the market for scanners...
Cyber Security in a Small and Medium Business (SME): A practical guide to getting started
Many small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) think they are "too small to be a target" for hackers. This is a...
Mobile app security testing: How to protect data on Android and iOS platforms?
Your mobile app is a gateway to corporate data, installed on thousands of devices, over which you do not have...
KSC NIS2 and the human firewall: How must a CISO build an ongoing security culture program?
You have implemented EDR, SIEM and firewalls. But your weakest link remains humans. KSC/NIS2 requires cyber hygiene training. How is...
Social engineering attack simulations: How to effectively test and strengthen the “human firewall”?
Your employees are your first line of defense, but are they ready for a real-world attack? Social engineering simulations are...
IoT and embedded systems security: How to test and protect smart devices?
Your smart lock, CCTV camera or PLC are essentially small, specialized computers. But are they secure? Security testing of IoT...
KSC NIS2 vs. software house: Why is audit from the customer the new business reality?
Your clients in regulated sectors (finance, energy, manufacturing) are about to knock on your door with a KSC/NIS2 audit. For...
Continuous security testing: Why is a one-time pentest a year no longer enough?
Your company implements application changes daily, and your cloud infrastructure changes hourly. Meanwhile, you run security tests once a year....
Physical penetration testing: How to check if your office and server room are resistant to physical intrusion?
You invest in the most expensive firewalls, but what if an attacker can simply enter your server room by impersonating...
NIS2 deployment strategy: How to build a foundation of compliance and resilience in 90 days?
The NIS2 directive ushers in a new era in cyber security, setting ambitious goals for companies. The key to success...
Purple teaming in practice: How to organize a workshop that will realistically strengthen your SOC team.
The Red Team test report is valuable, but it often goes into a drawer. What if you could implement improvements...
The dark side of IIoT: How to secure smart sensors before they become a gateway for attackers?
The Industry 4.0 revolution is happening before our eyes. Thousands of smart sensors, gateways and edge devices (Edge AI) are...
NIS2 without budget paralysis: Priority roadmap for Polish industry for 2025-2026
The NIS2 directive is fast approaching, and the list of its requirements seems endless. For many manufacturing companies, the prospect...
KSC NIS2 or DORA? How does the financial sector need to reconcile the two regulations?
DORA is lex specialis for finance, but KSC/NIS2 still applies. How do you manage ICT risk, test resilience, and manage...
Cyber insurance for industry: What does your policy really cover and how to avoid costly surprises?
In the face of growing threats, cyber risk insurance seems a logical step. It's your financial safety net. But are...
Backup that saves production: 3 disaster recovery scenarios for SCADA and PLC systems after an attack
Imagine that, despite the best security measures, a ransomware attack broke through your defenses and encrypted key control systems. Production...
Why are penetration tests a key proof of compliance with KSC NIS2?
You have implemented network segmentation, MFA and EDR. But are you sure there is no vulnerability? KSC/NIS2 requires evidence. We...
How much does downtime really cost after a cyberattack? A ready-made template for calculating your company’s losses
When you think of the cost of a cyberattack, what comes to mind? Probably the amount of ransom demanded by...
Is a firewall alone enough? 5 myths about OT security
Many myths - half-truths and outdated beliefs that give a false sense of security - still circulate in conversations about...
The invisible enemy in your factory: How to secure physical access, service technicians’ laptops and USB drives?
Your CISO presents reports to management showing thousands of blocked attacks on the firewall and feels the situation is under...
Zero Trust in a Production Environment: A step-by-step implementation guide
Zero Trust is a revolution in cyber security, but how do you implement the "never trust, always verify" principle in...
Ransomware in industry: Why do factories pay ransom and how to build an effective defense plan?
Imagine this scenario: it's Tuesday, 10:00 a.m., production is going full steam ahead. Suddenly, one by one, the screens of...
Cyber Secure Local Government is coming to an end. How to ensure the sustainability of the project and build the long-term resilience of the local government?
Imagine this moment 24 months from now: the grant project has been successfully completed and settled. New systems have been...
Risk assessment in OT: Why is CVSS not enough and how to assess the real risk to the production process?
Your vulnerability scanner has generated a report with hundreds of "critical" threats marked CVSS 9.8. Management expects immediate action, and...
How to implement NIS2 and not go crazy? Use regulation as leverage to get a budget for OT security
You see the list of NIS2 directive requirements and feel a growing frustration. More tasks, more responsibilities, and the budget...
NIS2 directive in practice: What does a manufacturing plant manager need to know about the new obligations?
Until now, cyber security at your facility has been a concern of the IT department. With the NIS2 directive coming...
AI in the law firm: 3 foundations you need to know about before implementation
AI promises to revolutionize a lawyer's work, saving hundreds of hours. But implementing AI without a solid foundation is a...
From the CNC machine to the cloud: The 7 most common attack vectors on production floors
Imagine your factory as a fortress. You've invested in solid walls and a main gate. But have you thought about...
Governing OT security: How to create a structure in which IT, OT and the Board of Directors speak with one voice?
Critical vulnerability detected in SCADA system. The IT team says it's an OT problem. The OT team responds that they...
The human factor in OT security: How to train engineers not to let threats in via USB?
You invest in state-of-the-art firewalls and detection systems, but your entire defense strategy can collapse because of one inconspicuous flash...
AI writes contracts. Who will ensure that the process is safe and efficient?
Generating repetitive documents, such as NDAs or company agreements , is an ideal task for AI. It saves dozens of...
Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for OT: What if the main control system is unavailable for 24 hours?
Imagine that a cyberattack has completely crippled your central production control system. The incident response team is fighting the threat,...
Zero hour: Ransomware stopped the factory. What now, or why does the race against time begin?
The screens of the HMI panels glow red. The deafening rumble of the machines has quieted, replaced by an unnatural...
Tabletop Exercise at the Factory: How to test your plan in case of a cyber attack without stopping the production line?
You already have an incident response plan for your OT network. Congratulations, you've taken an important step. But will this...
OT incident response plan: Why will a copy of the plan from IT do more harm than good?
Your company has a mature, repeatedly tested incident response plan that follows IT best practices. Faced with NIS2 requirements, the...
“Unplug everything!” vs “Don’t move it or it will explode!”: How to resolve IT and OT conflict during a cyber attack?
Imagine the scene: a security monitoring system detects malware in a network segment controlling welding robots. The IT team's reaction...
OT supply chain security: How to check if your new robot is not a Trojan horse?
You invest millions in a state-of-the-art industrial robot from a reputable supplier. The device arrives, gets plugged in and... you...
The myth of the “air gap”: Why your production network has long been connected to the Internet and what to do about it.
Do you believe your production network is secure because it is physically isolated from the rest of the world? This...
NIS2 and competencies in cybersecurity: What roles and skills are key?
The NIS2 directive forces companies to build cyber security teams. Learn the key roles and skills identified by ENISA to...
IT thinks in terms of data, OT in terms of physics: Why don’t your security teams get along?
Are you implementing the latest cyber-security solutions in your factory, and production engineers look at you as the enemy? It's...
Anatomy of a cyberattack on banking: from phishing to advanced frauds
An analysis of modern methods of attacks on banking customers. Discover how phishing, investment fraud, mobile attacks work and how...
Purdue’s 2025 model: How to apply a 30-year concept to protect a modern factory?
In the IT world, three years is an eternity. In the OT world, a 30-year-old concept is still the basis...
Remote access to SCADA: How to enable service technicians to work without opening the door for hackers?
It's two in the morning, and a key machine on the production line breaks down. The only specialist who can...
My PLC cannot be updated. Now what? Vulnerability management in “non-patchable” systems
Your IT department sends you an urgent alert about a critical vulnerability in your SCADA system with a recommendation to...
You don’t know what you have, so you don’t know how to protect it: The problem of lack of asset inventory in OT
Imagine you are tasked with defending a city, but you don't have a map of it. You don't know how...
Zero Trust in the Factory: Can the “never trust, always verify” principle work in a PLC environment?
Zero Trust is a revolution in cyber security, but how do you implement the "never trust, always verify" principle in...
OT network segmentation for the reluctant: A practical guide to segmenting a flat network without stopping production
Every security expert says you need to segment your OT network. But what if you have an old, "flat" network,...
An in-house AI chatbot in a law firm: The biggest challenge is security
Law firms are struggling with scattered knowledge . An in-house AI assistant that searches the archives seems an ideal solution...
How to conduct a KSC NIS2 readiness audit? A practical guide for CISOs
The new KSC/NIS2 law is the biggest challenge for CISOs in years. Before you start deploying technologies, you need to...
Mapping NIS2 to ISO 27001 and NIST: From legal compliance to operational resilience
Transform NIS2 directive requirements into a coherent roadmap. See how mapping to ISO 27001 and NIST CSF standards simplifies compliance...
New trends in ransomware attacks in 2025: how to defend a company against the evolving threat?
Ransomware attacks aren't slowing down, and they're becoming even more sophisticated in 2025. Cybercriminals are moving away from simple encryption...
KRI audit: a guide to compliance and security in the public sector
Your guide to KRI auditing. Learn what the obligation is, what areas are subject to verification, and how to turn...
What is GDPR and how to implement data protection?
GDPR (RODO) is the EU's key data protection regulation. Our guide explains its rules, responsibilities and how to implement effective...
Cyberinsurance: How to select cyber attack insurance for a company?
Insurance against cyber attacks (cyberinsurance) is becoming a key component of any modern company's risk management strategy. However, choosing the...
Cyber security in the water and wastewater sector
In the digital age, a silent war is being waged over the security of water supplies. Cyber attacks on water...
What is MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing)? – Definition and applications
In the era of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), the traditional cloud computing model is becoming insufficient for...
Cyber Resilience Act (CRA): 3 vulnerability definitions you need to know
The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) regulation introduces stringent new requirements for vulnerability management. There has been a lot of confusion...
CEO fraud (BEC): How to protect your company’s finances from the most expensive cyber attack?
The BEC attack, known as the "CEO scam," is one of the most costly cyber threats that bypasses traditional safeguards...
AI in the patent office: Security foundations for IP protection
The work of a patent office is extremely time-consuming, especially the state of the art examination . AI tools to...
What is GitHub Copilot and how to use it?
Artificial intelligence is entering the world of software development with a force that is forever changing the way developers work....
How to effectively protect your business from phishing?
Phishing attacks are a daily threat to any organization, leading to financial loss, data leakage and reputational damage. In our...
What is RPA and how does robotic process automation work?
RPA is a technology that allows you to automate repetitive tasks in your company. Discover how software robots work, the...
You have won 1.3 million zlotys from the grant. What is your plan for building a digitally resilient water supply?
Congratulations! Your application has been successful. Your company's account will soon receive 1.3 million zlotys from the "Cyber Secure Water...
What is RODO and how to ensure compliance with data protection?
RODO is not just a legal obligation, but the foundation of trust in business. Discover how to avoid million-dollar fines,...
What is OSINT and how does open source intelligence work?
OSINT is a powerful analytical and... reconnaissance for hackers. Discover what information about your company is publicly available and how...
What key changes does the seventh draft amendment to the UKSC introduce?
Who will be covered by the new regulations and what obligations will be imposed?What is the new supplier safety assessment...
What is consent to process personal data? A practical guide for businesses and users
Consent for data processing is a key element of RODO. Our guide explains how to properly obtain it, manage it...
RODO and Cyber Security: How do you prepare your IT infrastructure for compliance?
RODO compliance is not just a task for lawyers and data protection officers. It is a fundamental challenge for every...
What is a VPN and how to use private networks safely?
VPNs are the foundation of secure remote working. Our guide explains how to protect data on public Wi-Fi networks, what...
What is a CERT? How does it work and what is its role
CERT is a key institution in the national cyber security system. Understand its mission, how it works, and how working...
Privileged Access Management (PAM): 11 problems and solutions for IT security
Privileged accounts are the digital "keys to the kingdom" of any organization. Their uncontrolled use represents one of the biggest...
What is Artificial Intelligence and how is AI changing business?
AI is not the future, it's the present of business. Our guide for managers explains how to distinguish AI from...
What is incognito mode and how to use private browsing safely?
Incognito mode does not provide complete anonymity. Our guide explains how it works, what data it hides, and why it...
What is Machine Learning and how does machine learning support business?
Machine Learning (ML) is the key to data-driven decision making. Discover how to forecast sales, detect fraud and personalize your...
What is a CSRF vulnerability? Detection, action and prevention
A CSRF attack forces users to unknowingly perform actions in your application. Our guide explains how to detect this vulnerability,...
What is cryptography and how does it work in practice?
Cryptography is the foundation of digital security. Our guide explains how encryption, hashes and digital signatures protect your data. Understand...
Deepfake and AI in the hands of cybercriminals: how to protect a company from a new generation of fraud?
Imagine receiving an urgent transfer order from your CEO - his voice on the receiver sounds perfect, but it's an...