Phishing — how to recognize and protect your organization
Complete guide to phishing: rodzaje ataków (spear phishing, whaling, smishing, vishing), rozpoznawanie fałszywych wiadomości, ochrona organizacji i reakcja na incydent.
Topics in this hub
Phishing types
5 articlesSpear phishing, whaling, smishing, vishing, clone phishing
Social Engineering
14 articlesSocial engineering techniques, pretexting, baiting
Protection & Awareness
4 articlesAwareness training, phishing simulations, security policies
Spoofing & Fake Messages
11 articlesEmail spoofing, fake emails, DMARC, SPF, DKIM
All phishing articles
Deepfake, vishing and CEO fraud: how to protect your company from AI-powered scams
An employee at engineering firm Arup transferred USD 25 million after a video call with deepfake "directors". Voice cloning and AI-powered CEO fraud are now a real financial risk. We show how to defend against them — from procedures to technology.
Device Code Phishing: what it is and how the attack on Microsoft Entra ID works
An attacker doesn't need your password — they just need you to enter a code they supplied. See how Device Code Phishing abuses the OAuth2 Device Code Flow in Microsoft Entra ID and why it can bypass MFA.
Quishing — Malicious QR Codes Are Attacking Companies. How to Recognize and Defend Your Team
QR codes have become commonplace — and that is exactly why they have become an effective weapon for scammers. Quishing bypasses corporate email filters and moves the attack to an employee's personal phone. We explain the mechanism, show real-world examples and suggest how to genuinely protect your team.
CVE-2026-8644: IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 is vulnerable to identity spoofing.
IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 is vulnerable to identity spoofing....
What Is a Trojan? Types, Infection Methods, and How to Protect Yourself
A Trojan is malicious software hidden in a legitimate file. Learn about Trojan types, infection symptoms, and effective protection methods.
What is Social Engineering? Attack Methods and Defense Strategies
Social engineering is the manipulation of people to obtain confidential information. Learn attack techniques, manipulation psychology, and defense methods.
ClickFix and DNS Staging — A Social Engineering Attack That Turns nslookup into a Weapon
ClickFix with DNS staging bypasses security controls by weaponizing nslookup. Learn the infection chain, attack mechanism, and the most effective defense methods.
The new era of ClickFix social engineering — what every IT manager should know
ClickFix bypasses traditional controls with serious business consequences. Learn attack costs, NIS2 implications, and practical steps to protect your organization.
Phishing simulations and social engineering tests — how to conduct them ethically and effectively
How to plan a phishing simulation in 2026? ClickFix, QR phishing scenarios, test ethics, how to interpret results, and building a continuous awareness program.
Email Security - How to Protect Your Company from Ransomware and Phishing
90% of ransomware attacks start with an email. Learn practical methods to protect business email: SPF, DKIM, DMARC, attachment sandboxing, SEG.
How to build an effective security awareness program — a guide for IT managers
How to design a security awareness program beyond the classroom? Training formats, effectiveness KPIs, phishing simulations, and leadership engagement tips inside.
Social Engineering in Cybersecurity: How Hackers Manipulate People
Social engineering is the most effective method of bypassing security - it attacks the weakest link: humans. Learn what techniques hackers use and how to protect yourself and your organization.
Phishing Targeting Academic Staff — How to Recognize and Neutralize Attacks on University Employees
Phishing attacks on academic staff exploit fake grants, conference invitations, and university system impersonation. Learn about attack techniques and methods to protect university employees.
BEC Attacks in Finance: Threats, Impact, and Protection in 2026
Business Email Compromise attacks cost the financial sector billions annually. Learn about attack vectors, real consequences, and effective protection methods for banks and financial institutions.
What is a Cyberattack? Types, Examples, and Protection Methods
A cyberattack is the deliberate use of technology to damage systems or steal data. Learn about attack types, real-world examples, and effective defense methods.
Fake Mail — How to Recognize Fake Emails and Protect Yourself
A fake mail is a fraudulent email impersonating a trusted sender. Learn how to identify spoofing, phishing, and BEC, and how to protect corporate email.
Social Engineering Attacks: Baiting, Pretexting, Tailgating and Other Manipulation Techniques
Over 90% of cyberattacks start with human manipulation. Learn social engineering techniques beyond classic phishing and how to counter them.
How Attackers Use AI — Deepfake, Automated Phishing, and Next-Gen Malware
AI is not just a defender's tool. Deepfake, spear-phishing, and generative malware change the rules. Learn how to protect your organization from AI-powered attacks.
Email Security — DMARC, SPF, DKIM and Protection Against Spoofing
DMARC, SPF, and DKIM protect email from spoofing and phishing. Learn to configure these protocols and defend your corporate domain from cybercriminal impersonation.
ClickFix - a new social engineering technique bypassing traditional security
A fake browser error window. Instructions: open terminal and paste this code. The employee follows the command – and just installed malware with their own hands.
Sociotechnics 2.0 - New trends in attacks on the human factor
The era of inept phishing emails from
Cyberattacks on Banking: Attack Method Analysis and Defense Strategies — from Phishing to Advanced Fraud
An analysis of modern methods of attacks on banking customers. Discover how phishing, investment fraud, mobile attacks work and how to build an effective, multi-layered defense.
What is Doxing? Definition, operation, methods, signs of attack and effects
Learn about doxing - the practice of collecting and publishing private information about a person without their consent. Learn how doxing works, the signs of doxing and the effects it can have on victims.
Is ChatGPT Safe? Potential Threats
Learn whether using ChatGPT is safe, what threats it may pose, and how to protect your data during use.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) - Why Use It and How to Implement
Learn why two-factor authentication (2FA) is worth using and how to implement it for better data protection.
What is Spoofing? Types, Operation and Techniques. How to Protect Yourself?
Spoofing is a serious threat in the world of cybercrime, using identity forgery techniques to deceive users and systems.
Cyber Trends: Data Leaks
Learn about the latest cyber trends related to data leaks. Find out what are the most common causes and consequences of data breaches.
HR Phishing: Fake Job Offers as an Attack Vector
Cybercriminals use fake job offers to steal personal data and install malware. Learn attack patterns and protection methods for HR departments.
Phishing Targeting Nonprofits — How to Recognize and Prevent Attacks
Nonprofits are prime phishing targets due to limited IT budgets and a culture of trust. Learn the most common attack scenarios and practical defenses for NGOs.
KSC NIS2 and the human firewall: How must a CISO build an ongoing security culture program?
You have implemented EDR, SIEM and firewalls. But your weakest link remains humans. KSC/NIS2 requires cyber hygiene training. How is a CISO supposed to build an effective, ongoing program that will realistically change habits, not just be a one-time
Cyberattack scenario on an insurance company — from phishing to data exfiltration
Realistic cyberattack scenario on an insurance company. Step by step: from initial phishing through lateral movement to customer and claims data exfiltration.
GPS Spoofing and Cargo Theft — Cyber Threats in Transportation
GPS spoofing enables vehicle location falsification and cargo theft. Learn about the attack mechanism, the scale of the problem, and methods to protect your transport fleet.
Phishing in Healthcare: Threats, Impact, and Protection in 2026
Medical staff click phishing emails at 2x the rate of finance sector. Learn healthcare-specific attack techniques and defense strategies.
Cybersecurity for NGOs — Top Threats
Nonprofit organizations collect sensitive donor and beneficiary data while operating with limited IT resources. Learn about the biggest cyber threats facing NGOs and how to defend against them.
KSC NIS2 implemented: how is the CISO to ensure continuous monitoring and reporting in 24 hours?
KSC/NIS2 implementation project complete? The real work is just beginning. For CISOs, this means one thing: ensuring operational continuity. The new requirement for 24-hour incident reporting changes the rules of the game and forces you to have a 24/7 SOC capability. How do you organize this in prac
Microsoft 365 and Google Workspace security: 12 steps to protect your data
Your business runs on Microsoft 365 or Google Workspace. This is the center of your communication, collaboration and most valuable data. However, the default configuration of these platforms is just a starting point. What steps should you take to turn them into a secure fortress rather than an open
Security Culture and Employee Awareness: How to Turn People into the First Line of Defense
You can have the most powerful firewalls and antivirus systems, but the final line of defense between your company and a cyberattack is always a human being. The biggest intrusions start with one careless click. So how do you transform your employees from your biggest risk to your strongest element
What Is Security Education and Why Is an Aware Employee the First Line of Defense?
You may have the most powerful firewalls and antivirus systems, but the ultimate line of defense between your company and a cyberattack is always a human. The biggest breaches start with one careless click. So how do you transform employees from the biggest risk into the strongest element of defense?
Measuring the Effectiveness of Security Awareness Training: How to Evaluate Educational Programs
You spend money on training and phishing simulations, but how do you know if it works? Measuring Security Awareness program effectiveness isn't just a formality. It's the key to understanding what works, where the gaps are, and how to prove to management that investing in the 'human firewall' really pays off.
Phishing 2.0 — New Techniques and Protection: How to Defend Against the New Generation of Cyber Fraud
Classic phishing with grammatical errors is becoming a thing of the past. Today we are dealing with Phishing 2.0 - perfectly cloned e-mails, attacks via QR codes and voice fraud enhanced by AI. The threat is more personalized and credible than ever. Are your employees ready for this clash?
Smishing and Vishing — Attack Protection: How to Defend Your Company Against Social Engineering via SMS and Phone
A fake SMS message about an underpaid courier service or a phone call from a supposed bank employee asking for an authorization code - these are now commonplace. Cybercriminals are increasingly abandoning e-mail in favor of more personal and direct attack channels. Smishing and vishing take advantag
KSC NIS2 — Cyber Hygiene and Phishing: How Should the CISO Build a Security Culture?
Your employees are your first line of defense, but are they ready for a real-world attack? Social engineering simulations are the best way to test their alertness in a safe environment. This is not a
The human factor in OT security: How to train engineers not to let threats in via USB?
You invest in state-of-the-art firewalls and detection systems, but your entire defense strategy can collapse because of one inconspicuous flash drive inserted into the wrong USB port. In the world of operational technology, humans are often the last and most important line of defense. Unfortunately
Business Email Compromise (BEC): How to Protect Company Finances — Analysis and Defense Strategy
The BEC attack, known as the
How to effectively protect your business from phishing?
Phishing attacks are a daily threat to any organization, leading to financial loss, data leakage and reputational damage. In our comprehensive article, we explain how cybercriminals operate, how to teach employees to recognize threats, and what steps - technical and procedural - you should take to b
What is OSINT and how does open source intelligence work?
OSINT is a powerful analytical and... reconnaissance for hackers. Discover what information about your company is publicly available and how to protect yourself from spear phishing attacks. See how an nFlo audit can help you do just that.
What Is CERT — A Computer Emergency Response Team? How It Works and Its Role
CERT is a key institution in the national cyber security system. Understand its mission, how it works, and how working with CERT and nFlo can strengthen your company's resilience to attacks.
Deepfake and AI as Cyber Threats: How to Protect Your Company from a New Generation of Fraud
Imagine receiving an urgent transfer order from your CEO - his voice on the receiver sounds perfect, but it's an AI-generated scam. This is no longer science fiction. Deepfake technology is becoming a powerful tool in the hands of cybercriminals, opening the door to manipulation, blackmail and unpre
What is OSINT? A complete guide to open source intelligence in business and cyber security
Information about your company, employees and technology is everywhere - in social media, public records and even job listings. Hackers can collect it and use it for precision attacks. This process is OSINT. This complete guide is an in-depth look at the world of open source intelligence. We explain
Penetration Testing (Pentests)
Learn what penetration tests are and how they can help secure your company against cyberattacks. Discover the methods, tools, and benefits of regular penetration testing.
What Is Security Awareness and Why Is Employee Education the Foundation of Cybersecurity?
You may have the most powerful firewalls and antivirus systems, but the ultimate line of defense between your company and a cyberattack is always a human. The biggest breaches start with one careless click. So how do you transform employees from the biggest risk into the strongest element of defense?
How to Protect Your Organization from Social Engineering Attacks?
Learn how to protect your organization from social engineering attacks. Discover strategies and best practices that will help increase employee awareness and secure the company against manipulation and fraud.
Social Engineering Tests: Employee Resilience — Are They an Unwitting Gateway for Cybercriminals?
Learn how social engineering tests help identify weaknesses in security procedures and make employees more resilient to attacks.
Hardware YubiKey keys in practice: how to implement FIDO2 and hardware MFA in your company step by step
How do YubiKey keys with FIDO2 technology protect a company from account takeover and phishing?
Social engineering testing as part of comprehensive nFlo penetration testing
Discover how social engineering tests help identify human factor vulnerabilities in an organization and strengthen information security.
Security Awareness Training for Local Government: How to Train Officials Using Grant Funds
You did it! The funding application for the 'Cybersecure Local Government' program has been submitted, and you're now planning to purchase modern systems to protect your office. But what about the most important element of this puzzle - people? The best technology is powerless when an official unknowingly clicks on a phishing link.
How to effectively protect your business from phishing attacks?
Phishing attacks are one of the biggest threats to businesses. Find out how to recognize them and what effective protection methods to implement to secure your data.
Reservation of PESEL number - Key information
Learn what reserving a PESEL number is and how it can protect your personal information from unauthorized use. Learn about the procedure for reserving your PESEL and the situations in which you should consider it.
Penetration Testing Industry Scams: How to Recognize Unreliable Vendors
Not every company offering 'penetration testing' actually performs it. Learn common industry scams - from scans sold as pentests to fake reports - and how to recognize them.
Cyberstalking - What is it, examples and how to defend yourself?
Find out what cyberstalking is, learn about its forms and effective methods to protect against this online threat.
Vinted Scam - What It Is, How It Works, and How to Avoid It
Learn what a Vinted scam is, how it works, and discover effective protection methods against fraud on the platform.
What is Smishing and How to Defend Against SMS Fraud
Learn about smishing - a threat involving data extortion via SMS and discover how to recognize and avoid such attacks.
Smishing - New Threat for Companies Using Mobile Communication
Learn about the smishing threat that can expose your company to losses, and find out how to protect against it.
What is Spear Phishing - How It Works, How to Protect Yourself, and How It Differs from Phishing
Learn what spear phishing is, how to defend against this targeted threat, and the differences between it and other forms of phishing.
What Are APT Attacks (Advanced Persistent Threat)? How They Work and How to Counter Them
Discover what APT attacks are, how they work, and what protection strategies can help secure against this advanced threat.
The Importance of Cybersecurity Training for Small and Medium Business Employees
Discover why cybersecurity training is crucial for protecting small and medium businesses against online threats.
Phishing in Practice: How to Recognize Suspicious Emails and Links
Learn how to recognize phishing emails and links to effectively protect your company from cyberattacks.
What is Phishing and How to Protect Yourself? - Operation, Recognition, Best Practices and What to Do After an Attack
Phishing is a form of fraud aimed at extorting data. Learn how to recognize an attack and effectively protect yourself.
What is MFA - Multi-Factor Authentication? Definition, Components, Operation, Benefits and Implementation
MFA, or multi-factor authentication, enhances data security through additional layers of protection.
What is a Scam and How to Protect Yourself?
A scam is an online fraud aimed at extracting personal data. Learn how to protect yourself against it.
What Are Social Engineering Tests and How Do They Work? - Techniques, Benefits, Tools, and Legal Regulations
Learn about the role of social engineering tests in protecting organizations against attacks on the weakest element - humans. Techniques, tools, and regulations.
Benefits of Regular Penetration Testing for Medium Enterprises
Benefits of regular penetration testing from nFlo: increase IT security in your company. Identify and eliminate security vulnerabilities.
How to Conduct Cybersecurity Training for Municipality Employees
Learn how to organize effective cybersecurity training for municipality employees to enhance data protection.
Conducting Simulated Phishing Campaigns: A Complete Guide
How to conduct simulated phishing campaigns. This nFlo article offers a guide discussing best practices in testing employee readiness for threats.
The Role of Social Engineering in Penetration Testing
The role of social engineering in penetration testing from nFlo: understand and use social engineering techniques. Increase the effectiveness of your security tests.
Beware of Phishing Scams 3.0: The Email You Received May Not Be From Who You Think
Beware of phishing scams 3.0 from nFlo: the email may not be from who you think. Protect yourself from cyberattacks.
COVID-19 and the Change in Organizational Security Perception
Learn how COVID-19 affected organizational security perception. Discover new challenges and strategies for protecting data and IT systems in the changed work environment.
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